Arthrosis - an illness that has developed over the course of many years with a predominant damage to certain joints.In most cases, painful changes have a lot of joints - knees, hips, shoulders, etc. Pain and difficulties to move into them, make the life of a person in a physical and emotional plan difficult, and, taking into account the fact that arthrosis can be found frequently at a young age, this can intervene in the achievement of professional and personal goals.For this reason, it is important to diagnose the disease as soon as possible and to start the complex treatment of osteoarthritis.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
Conservative methods are used in the early stages of arthrosis that do not include surgery.In the meantime, the method methods used enable the development of the disease to maintain motor activity, reduce the severity of the main symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve human quality in general.
- Drug treatment
Used groups of drugs
- NSAIDS;
- GKS;
- Chondroprotectors.
- PRP therapy
- Medical physical education
- Massage and manual therapy
- Extension therapy (traction)
- Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy methods that are often used for arthrosis:
- Magnetotherapy;
- UHF;
- Inductothermia;
- Ultrasonic therapy;
- Balneotherapy;
- Surgical treatment.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with medication
In patients, it is often that the use of medicinal products with analgesic effects (orally in the form of tablets or injective - intramuscular) is the most important method for eliminating pain in osteoarthritis.In fact, the use of medicinal products is a method for fast pain relief that should only be prescribed in acute time.The fact is that the medication widespread for these goals have serious side effects that intensify with extended and especially with uncontrolled recording.We speak of undesirable effects from the digestion, cardiovascular nervous systems that are very likely to bring the patient into a hospital bed (stomach bleeding, cardiac arrhythmias, effects on the liver and kidney, etc.).
Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory medication
Used groups of drugs:
NSAID -Not -steroid anti -inflammatory medication, many of which are released without a prescription and are widespread by patients alone.This group includes medication from various chemical structures, the best known of them are Diclofenac, Indomethacin, nenproxen (classic NSAIDS), modern for Meloxicam, Nimesulid, Ketorolac.The medication listed have a pronounced anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect, reduce the pain in the joint and the adjacent muscle tissue, but do not influence the development of the disease.They are only used to reduce the symptoms in all stages of the disease.Effective with simultaneous synovitis (accumulation of liquid in the joint).
GKS - Glucocorticosteroid medication (hydrocortisone, triamcinone, betamethasone) have the strongest anti -inflammatory and analgesic effects.It is advisable and effective for your percentage introduction.However, patients often refer to the use of these drugs in treatment, which is associated with possible side effects: these are infectious complications, deterioration in the condition of the ligaments, joint surface and degeneration of the cartilage.With the perimount risk of these complications, however, the risk of these complications is minimal.
Chondroprotectors - Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural components of the cartilage that, if they are given orally, contribute to gradual restoration of cartilage, normalize their density and elasticity.These active components are usually used in the complex, are part of different medicines and auxiliary products.Chondroprotectors have no quick analgesic effect.An improvement develops with a longer use of medicines based on them, which is associated with a partial restoration of the cartilage.Recommended in all diseases.
PRP therapy
One of the most modern methods of recreation medicine used for sports injuries and mono-dystrophic diseases of the joints is PRP therapy (PRP platelet-rich plasma) or plase-mobraviization, autoplasmic therapy.
The essence of the procedure In this case, it consists in the introduction of plasma, which are enriched by platelets directly at the damage location.The drug for administration is obtained from the patient's own blood, so that the method is not only very effective, but also for humans.Growth factors and other biologically active substances (serotonin, Bradykinine, prostaglandins, etc.), which are enriched by platelets, contribute to activating the processes of regeneration and synthesis of their own basic substances.
The resulting plasma, which is enriched with platelets, is inserted both percentage and directly into the affected joint, since a partial restoration of tissues is achieved - especially cartilage.
The methodology in 1-2 stages of osteoarthritis is best applicable.It shows good results and enables you to delay the quick development of the disease due to the release of growth factors by platelets.The method is relatively new, but has proven its high efficiency.PRP therapy was used for the first time in the operation, today the technology is successfully used in many areas of medicine, including rheumatology and orthopedics, neurology and cosmetology.By carrying out autoplasmic therapy, you can increase the functioning of the joint without other aggressive interventions.
Synovial fluid files - A group of drugs based on hyaluronic acid that are introduced directly into the joint cavity (injection) and play the role of a knitting lubricant fluid when the natural synovial fluid is almost completely lacking (it delivers the role of lubrication of the joint surfaces).They are used in the late stages of osteoarthritis.
Medical means of this group are also referred to as "synovial fluid prostheses", "biological substitutes for synovial fluid".The effect after the administration of medicinal products is long from 6 to 13 months, depending on the medical product used.
Some are used Other groups of medicines - Anti -spas modos, muscle relaxants, group B vitamins in therapeutic (high) doses, but everyone only has auxiliary value in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Medical physical education
Special exercises of therapeutic gymnastics can and should also be used during the exacerbation in all arthrosis stadiums.Such measures can reduce pain and prevent pronounced restrictions on moving the joints.However, the method is unpopular in patients with osteoarthritis because most of them are wrong because it has to restrict the movements with pain.On the contrary, the current start of physical exercises contributes to a faster recovery and acceptance of the symptoms, mainly pain.
Particularly effective physiotherapy exercises in water, joint movements in the discharge position (lies, sitting, in a hanging position), walking on a flat surface.For example, if this is necessary for pronounced pain syndrome, a special bandage can be imposed on the joint, but you have to start physical education as early as possible.
Massage and manual therapy
Mechanical effects on the joint, muscles and the ligamentous enable the severity of the pain, increasing mobility, improving the blood circulation and the metabolism in the area of the affected joints, relieving muscle cramp and normalizing muscle function.
Extension therapy (traction)
Traction therapy is possible in a hospital or a medical sanatorium - this is joint traffic (hip, knee) using a special method with different charges.The standard traction scheme is designed for 28 days with a gradual increase in load and exposure time.Classic techniques are used and more modern with simulators.Their effectiveness is almost the same, but the simulators are more comfortable for the patient.
Physiotherapy
The use of various physiotherapy techniques in the early stages of arthrosis enables us to achieve a significant relief of pain syndrome and to increase mobility in the affected joints.Physiotherapy courses contribute to a slowdown in the pathological process and extend the time without worsening.
Widespread for the osteoarthritis of physiotherapy methodology
Magnetotherapy - Local effects due to constant or alternating magnetic field with a low frequency.In the area of the affected joint, the metabolic processes are accelerated, the blood circulation and delivery of nutrients to the joint structures, the methods of regeneration required for joint workand synthesis of your own substances that are required for the joint work.Magnetotherapy has an analgesic, anti -inflammatory effect of analgesic, anti -inflammatory from almost the first session, which positively influences the patient's general condition.Magnetotherapy is successfully used in hospitals and sanatoriums in which medical devices with different modifications are used.A great advantage for patients with osteoarthritis is the possibility of independent magnetic therapy courses at home, according to the purpose and under the control of the treating doctor.The timely use of portable devices for magnetotherapy enables you to develop pain, to start the start of exacerbation or a preventive course - ie to keep the normal well.A positive moment of magnetotherapy can also be described as an advantageous effect of procedures on the condition of the cardiovascular and nervous system.In view of the fact that most patients with osteoarthritis are people of medium and advanced age, with existing chronic diseases (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc.), a mild soothing and stabilizing effect of magnetic therapy will be very useful.
Ultrasonic therapy It is used more frequently in combination with the effects of medicinal products with anti -inflammatory, analgesic, restoring effect (hydrocortisone, chondroitin sulfate, indomethacin, etc.) - ultrafonophoresis or phonophoresis.Ultrasound increases the permeability of tissues for medicines, so that their main effect is improved.Even without a medical component, the method for arthrosis is highly effective: ultrasound has a mechanical influence on tissue (micromassage), activates local immune and restoration processes in the joint and neighboring muscles, an analgesic and anti -flaming effect is expressed.
Laser therapy - one of the most common and most frequently used procedures.The therapeutic effect is based on the reflex expansion of blood vessels above the focus of the pathological process.This leads to an improvement in local blood flow, the activation of metabolism, removing the underestimated metabolism and a decrease in pain intensity.Laser therapy due to the low penetration depth has a minimally pronounced systemic effect and improves the therapeutic effect of other processes.
Shock wave therapy - The exposure method with high energy.It is based on a piezoelectric effect.The influence of piezoelectric discharge on the pathological focus is achieved by a number of effects.Non -cheeky cells are destroyed, which leads to the activation of local immunity.The gybernic (inactive) cells are stimulated, which contributes to regeneration processes.At the same time, the intensity of pain syndrome is significantly reduced (although the process itself is painful).The undoubtedly advantage of the method is the use of the method once every 4-7 days.
Diadinamotherapy - The method of therapeutic effect on the body with diaynamic pulse streams.The diaynamic currents used in this method attract the skin receptors rhythmically, which indirectly leads to the activation of the descending physiological mechanisms of pain and leads to a decrease in the pain of the patient up to the complete analgesia.Therefore, such procedures are effective in severe pain.
Electromiostimulation - Exposure to electrical current on the muscle tissue.With the arthrosis of large joints, the work of the surrounding muscles is disturbed.This leads to an atrophy of some and the overload of others.Gear disorders develop.When the muscles are exposed to the change of electrical current, the muscles sink rhythmically and carry out a certain work, which leads to restoring their volume and function.
Cryotherapy - Unfortunately, a simple and effective treatment method is rarely used.The local effect of low temperature reduces the sensitivity of pain receptors and the synthesis of biologically active substances that stimulate the development of inflammation.After cryotherapy, a reflex expansion of blood vessels occurs, the local blood flow is accelerated and the restoration processes are activated.This method is particularly effective in combination with shock wave therapy.
Balneotherapy
Under the conditions in the sanatorium and resort, hydrogenation outside of the medicine baths is carried out, under which radonic osteoarthritis is particularly effective for osteoarthritis.A general effect on the body is carried out by the products of the radioactive decay of radon, which is dissolved in water.The most important effect is activating metabolic processes.
A similar, although a less pronounced effect for therapeutic mud (peloid), hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide is characteristic.
Surgical treatment
Surgical methods are used in the late stages of osteoarthritis when common mobility is limited or missing, which influences the quality of the patient's life.All over the world, various methods of common endoprosthetics are used, with which you can completely restore the movement volume and return the patient to an active life at any age.
The tactics and volume of the surgical interventions are determined by the applicable doctor.The choice is based on parameters such as the general condition of the patient, age and the presence of simultaneous diseases, obesity and others.The best results after the endoprosthetics have been preserved in patients of young and middle -aged (almost complete restoration of the movement volume), but older people also have a significant improvement in the condition, since after the successfully carried out operation and recovery, they can make themselves available in the domestic plan and not only move in the apartment so as not to restrict themselves into communication.
prevention
Arthrosis belongs to the group of uncomplicated diseases and mainly develops due to age -related changes in the joints that are improved by the influence of external negative factors.Attention to the condition of the musculoskeletal system, the prevention of joint diseases and the treatment of osteoarthritis in the early stages enable to maintain motor activity and to avoid massive medical interventions in the future.